All states · North Dakota
Updated October 2026 · ranks 48 of 50
Not on the arithmetic alone
6 kW system · $21,600 after incentives · $915 returned in year one
0 yrs25 yrs
At 22.2 years the payback extends past the point at which the inverter, and possibly the roof, require replacement, and capital invested elsewhere would generally return more. This does not make solar unsuitable here for backup power or emissions reduction; it makes it a different kind of decision from an investment.
Not on the arithmetic alone. At 22.2 years the payback runs beyond the service life of the inverter, and capital placed elsewhere would usually return more.
The case modeled here approximates an average North Dakota household on the state average rate of 13.4¢, with an unshaded roof and no financing: $21,600 of capital, $915 returned in the first year, and break-even near year 22.2. Above-average consumption, a south-facing roof or a competitive installed price shorten that period; shading, a loan carrying a dealer fee, or a sale within six years lengthen it. Because exports earn only 2.5¢, daytime occupancy carries measurable value: a household absent between nine and five performs appreciably worse than this figure.
At 13.4¢ per kilowatt-hour, electricity in North Dakota costs 19% less than the United States average of 16.5¢. Inexpensive grid power lowers household bills but weakens solar economics, since each kilowatt-hour generated displaces a cheap one.
A 6 kW array in North Dakota generates approximately 7,763 kWh a year, below the national median. This is not disqualifying - Germany installs solar at lower irradiance than any US state - but it means the retail electricity rate matters more here than the weather does.
North Dakota provides little or no net metering. Exported power earns approximately 2.5¢ against a retail rate of 13.4¢, roughly a quarter of its purchase price. The practical consequence is that a smaller system, consumed almost entirely on site, repays faster than a large one - the reverse of the position in full-net-metering states.
North Dakota offers no state rebate or tax credit at present, so the installed price of $21,600 stands. With Section 25D expired there is no federal credit to deduct either, the first year in over a decade in which that has been the case.
A 6 kW system, the size typical of North Dakota households, costs approximately $21,600 installed at $3.6 a watt before deductions. No deduction applies in North Dakota: there is no state rebate, no state tax credit, and no federal credit following the expiry of Section 25D on 31 December 2025. That is well above the $2.85 national median, which is why a high retail rate alone does not shorten the payback here as much as it first appears. Smaller systems cost more per watt and larger ones less, although a larger array is worth less here, since exports earn only 2.5¢.
| System size | 6 kW |
|---|---|
| Annual production | 7,763 kWh |
| Installed cost | $21,600 |
| Incentives | none |
| Net cost | $21,600 |
| Electricity rate | 13.4¢ / kWh |
| Export credit | 2.5¢ / kWh |
| Year-one saving | $915 |
| Break-even | 22.2 years |
| 25-year gain | $4,028 |
Of the 50 states published here, North Dakota ranks 48th for how quickly a bought system repays itself. Fastest right now: Hawaii, New York, Illinois, Massachusetts. Slowest: South Dakota, Louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama. Compare them all on the map.
Solar economics change at state lines rather than at county lines, because the export tariff and the netting period do. These states share a border with North Dakota, and the figure each produces on the same assumptions.
About $21,600 installed for a 6 kW system at $3.6 a watt. No deduction applies in North Dakota: no state rebate, no state credit, and no federal credit following the expiry of Section 25D. A system sized to daytime consumption costs less and repays faster here, because exports earn only 2.5¢.
Not on the arithmetic alone. A 6 kW system breaks even in 22.2 years on the assumptions used here, following the expiry of the 30% federal tax credit on 31 December 2025.
Approximately $915 in the first year on a 7,763 kWh system, rising thereafter as North Dakota electricity rates increase. Almost all of that derives from power consumed as it is generated; at 2.5¢, export earns little.
A 6 kW array is about 14 modules at 430 W and generates 7,763 kWh a year here, which covers a household using roughly that much. Sizing beyond on-site use is poor value in North Dakota, since the surplus earns 2.5¢ against a 13.4¢ retail rate. The sizing calculator works it out from a bill.
Not on the arithmetic alone. The retail rate here is 13.4¢ against a national average of 16.5¢, exports earn 2.5¢, and a 6 kW system breaks even in 22.2 years. What separates North Dakota from states with similar sunshine is the rate and the export tariff, not the weather.
North Dakota provides little or no net metering.
Generation is taken from NREL PVWatts v8 for the largest metropolitan area in North Dakota, south-facing at 20°. The retail rate is from the EIA and the export credit from the state's net metering rule. The break-even figure incorporates 0.5% annual panel degradation, 3% annual electricity price growth, $150 a year in maintenance and an inverter replacement in year 12. The federal credit is set to $0 — Section 25D expired 31 December 2025. Imports and exports are netted over the monthly billing period, so approximately 85% of generation offsets consumption at the full retail rate before any surplus is compensated at the export rate. This has a larger effect on the result than the export rate itself. Full method and sources. Privacy. Export terms checked against the state source in August 2026.
These are estimates for comparison between states, not quotations. Roof orientation, shading, consumption pattern and installer pricing all affect the result. At least three written quotations are advisable before purchase.